AMCL¶

Source code on Github.

AMCL implements the server for taking a static map and localizing the robot within it using an Adaptive Monte-Carlo Localizer.

Parameters¶

alpha1

Type	Default
double	0.2

Description: Expected process noise in odometry’s rotation estimate from rotation.

alpha2

Type	Default
double	0.2

Description: Expected process noise in odometry’s rotation estimate from translation.

alpha3

Type	Default
double	0.2

Description: Expected process noise in odometry’s translation estimate from translation.

alpha4

Type	Default
double	0.2

Description: Expected process noise in odometry’s translation estimate from rotation.

alpha5

Type	Default
double	0.2

Description: For Omni models only: translation noise.

base_frame_id

Type	Default
string	“base_footprint”

Description: Robot base frame.

beam_skip_distance

Type	Default
double	0.5

Description: Ignore beams that most particles disagree with in Likelihood field model. Maximum distance to consider skipping for (m).

beam_skip_error_threshold

Type	Default
double	0.9

Description: Percentage of beams after not matching map to force full update due to bad convergance.

beam_skip_threshold

Type	Default
double	0.3

Description: Percentage of beams required to skip.

do_beamskip

Type	Default
bool	False

Description: Whether to do beam skipping in Likelihood field model.

global_frame_id

Type	Default
string	“map”

Description: The name of the coordinate frame published by the localization system.

lambda_short

Type	Default
double	0.1

Description: Exponential decay parameter for z_short part of model.

laser_likelihood_max_dist

Type	Default
double	2.0

Description: Maximum distance to do obstacle inflation on map, for use in likelihood_field model.

laser_max_range

Type	Default
double	100.0

Description: Maximum scan range to be considered, -1.0 will cause the laser’s reported maximum range to be used.

laser_min_range

Type	Default
double	-1.0

Description: Minimum scan range to be considered, -1.0 will cause the laser’s reported minimum range to be used.

laser_model_type

Type	Default
string	“likelihood_field”

Description: Which model to use, either beam, likelihood_field, or likelihood_field_prob. Same as likelihood_field but incorporates the beamskip feature, if enabled.

set_initial_pose

Type	Default
bool	False

Description: Causes AMCL to set initial pose from the initial_pose* parameters instead of waiting for the initial_pose message.

initial_pose

Type	Default
Pose2D	{x: 0.0, y: 0.0, z: 0.0, yaw: 0.0}

Description: X, Y, Z, and yaw coordinates of initial pose (meters and radians) of robot base frame in global frame.

max_beams

Type	Default
int	60

Description: How many evenly-spaced beams in each scan to be used when updating the filter.

max_particles

Type	Default
int	2000

Description: Maximum allowed number of particles.

min_particles

Type	Default
int	500

Description: Minimum allowed number of particles.

odom_frame_id

Type	Default
string	“odom”

Description: Which frame to use for odometry.

pf_err

Type	Default
double	0.05

Description: Particle Filter population error.

pf_z

Type	Default
double	0.99

Description: Particle filter population density.

recovery_alpha_fast

Type	Default
double	0.0

Description: Exponential decay rate for the fast average weight filter, used in deciding when to recover by adding random poses. A good value might be 0.1.

recovery_alpha_slow

Type	Default
double	0.0

Description: Exponential decay rate for the slow average weight filter, used in deciding when to recover by adding random poses. A good value might be 0.001.

resample_interval

Type	Default
int	1

Description: Number of filter updates required before resampling.

robot_model_type

Type	Default
string	“nav2_amcl::DifferentialMotionModel”

Description: The fully-qualified type of the plugin class. Options are “nav2_amcl::DifferentialMotionModel” and “nav2_amcl::OmniMotionModel”. Users can also provide their own custom motion model plugin type.
Note for users of galactic and earlier: The models are selectable by string key (valid options: “differential”, “omnidirectional”) rather than plugins.

save_pose_rate

Type	Default
double	0.5

Description: Maximum rate (Hz) at which to store the last estimated pose and covariance to the parameter server, in the variables ~initial_pose_* and ~initial_cov_*. This saved pose will be used on subsequent runs to initialize the filter (-1.0 to disable).

sigma_hit

Type	Default
double	0.2

Description: Standard deviation for Gaussian model used in z_hit part of the model.

tf_broadcast

Type	Default
bool	True

Description: Set this to false to prevent amcl from publishing the transform between the global frame and the odometry frame.

transform_tolerance

Type	Default
double	1.0

Description: Time with which to post-date the transform that is published, to indicate that this transform is valid into the future.

update_min_a

Type	Default
double	0.2

Description: Rotational movement required before performing a filter update.

update_min_d

Type	Default
double	0.25

Description: Translational movement required before performing a filter update.

z_hit

Type	Default
double	0.5

Description: Mixture weight for z_hit part of model, sum of all used z weight must be 1. Beam uses all 4, likelihood model uses z_hit and z_rand..

z_max

Type	Default
double	0.05

Description: Mixture weight for z_max part of model, sum of all used z weight must be 1. Beam uses all 4, likelihood model uses z_hit and z_rand.

z_rand

Type	Default
double	0.5

Description: Mixture weight for z_rand part of model, sum of all used z weight must be 1. Beam uses all 4, likelihood model uses z_hit and z_rand..

z_short

Type	Default
double	0.005

Description: Mixture weight for z_short part of model, sum of all used z weight must be 1. Beam uses all 4, likelihood model uses z_hit and z_rand.

always_reset_initial_pose

Type	Default
bool	False

Description: Requires that AMCL is provided an initial pose either via topic or initial_pose* parameter (with parameter set_initial_pose: true) when reset. Otherwise, by default AMCL will use the last known pose to initialize.

scan_topic

Type	Default
string	scan

Description: Laser scan topic to subscribe to.

map_topic

Type	Default
string	map

Description: Map topic to subscribe to.

first_map_only

Type	Default
bool	False

Description: Allows AMCL to accept maps more than once on the map_topic. This is especially useful when you’re using the LoadMap service in map_server. Prior to Humble, this is first_map_only_.

Example¶

amcl:
  ros__parameters:
    alpha1: 0.2
    alpha2: 0.2
    alpha3: 0.2
    alpha4: 0.2
    alpha5: 0.2
    base_frame_id: "base_footprint"
    beam_skip_distance: 0.5
    beam_skip_error_threshold: 0.9
    beam_skip_threshold: 0.3
    do_beamskip: false
    global_frame_id: "map"
    lambda_short: 0.1
    laser_likelihood_max_dist: 2.0
    laser_max_range: 100.0
    laser_min_range: -1.0
    laser_model_type: "likelihood_field"
    max_beams: 60
    max_particles: 2000
    min_particles: 500
    odom_frame_id: "odom"
    pf_err: 0.05
    pf_z: 0.99
    recovery_alpha_fast: 0.0
    recovery_alpha_slow: 0.0
    resample_interval: 1
    robot_model_type: "nav2_amcl::DifferentialMotionModel"
    save_pose_rate: 0.5
    sigma_hit: 0.2
    tf_broadcast: true
    transform_tolerance: 1.0
    update_min_a: 0.2
    update_min_d: 0.25
    z_hit: 0.5
    z_max: 0.05
    z_rand: 0.5
    z_short: 0.05
    scan_topic: scan
    map_topic: map
    set_initial_pose: false
    always_reset_initial_pose: false
    first_map_only: false
    initial_pose:
      x: 0.0
      y: 0.0
      z: 0.0
      yaw: 0.0